Which part of the body does 'cranium' refer to?

The term 'cranium' specifically refers to the upper part of the skull that encases and protects the brain. It is a critical component of the skull, along with the facial bones, and plays a vital role in safeguarding the central nervous system. Understanding this anatomical term is important in the context of patient-centered care because it helps healthcare professionals communicate effectively about injuries, conditions, or treatments related to the head and brain. Recognizing the distinction between various body parts, such as the skull, neck, spine, and chest, is foundational for accurate assessment and treatment.